过去完成时：  at that time,by then, up till then,just,yet,already,since,for   

 1.在过去之前：By 1980,Paul had had a lot of money.

 2.两个或两个以上过去的事，常用一般现在时：  Paul worked at the bank for forty years,and retired in 1980.  而突出某个具体时刻时：Paul visited India after he (had)retired.

 3.改变时间顺序来叙述时，先结束的要用过去完成： Paul visited India in 1980 as he had already retired.

过去完成进行时： 用法与上相似，had been doing

 1.短期性过去之前的一段时间。 He had been drinking.

 2.for: He had been working at the band for ages.(已不工作了）

比较： 过去完成进行时强调动作本身，而过去完成时强调动作成就。

 eg：  Paul had visited America twenty times.         He had been planning to visit America for years.

32.impress on sb. 令sb.记住  33.break into piece 摔成碎片   34.in vain  徒然，白白地