:to live,or life
vivify v. 给以生气，鼓励
vivisect v.活体解剖
revive v.复活，苏醒，振兴
survive v.幸免，平安度过
vigor n.精力，活力，体力，元气，效力
vigorous a.精力旺盛的，活泼的
vitamine n.维生素
viable a.能养活的，可实施的
to understand how good or useful someone or something is
Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.
to thank someone or be grateful to something they have done
I appreciated his hlp when we ran into trouble.
Proper etiquette in today's business world goes well beyond basic table manners(they are,after all,a given in most cultures) and common courtesies(allowing an esteemed colleague or superior to precede you through a doorway for example).Think of all the elements that go into making a first impression.
Do not drain your cup to the dregs.
Do not play with ,or dive food to animals.
Do not blow over your food to cool it.
Do not toy with the salt -cellar or pepper-pot.
Do not tuck your npkin in your collar .
Do not tilt your chair backward or forward on two legs.
Do not gesticulate with a knife or fork when talking.
Do not lay a used knife or fork on the tablecloth.
Do not load up your fork with food.
Do not sit down in an untidy state at the table.
Do not pick up your bread with your fork.
Do not reach across the table for anything.
Having good manners and respect for other people ,polite
He is coureous to hes guests.
Bill is always a couteous youth.
being polite
I enjoyed the courtesy during my stay here.
He said so out of courtesy to me.
I thak you sincerely for your courtesy in conveying this information.
a deep curtesy 深切的敬意
international courtesy 国际礼节
a low courtesy深度弯腰的屈膝礼
a breach of courtesy违反礼节
be treated with the utmost courtesy 受到无上礼遇
through the courtesy of 承。。。的好意
exercise due courtesy towards以应有的礼节对待
drop acourtesy 女子 行屈膝礼
make a courtesy 女子行屈膝礼
courtesy译成“礼貌”但是根据西方普遍的看法所谓courtesy是“客气而又体谅人”的意思，有的还把courtesy和politeness这两个同义词做了比较，认为：politeness的客气只是表现在文章的语句上，而courtesy则表现在对方的“体谅”上
【Polite】
We have received with many thanks your letter of Oct.7 and we take the pleasure of sending you latest catalog .We wish to draw your attention to a special offer,which we have made in it.
【Courtesy】
You will be particularly interested in a special offer on page 5 of the latest catalog enclosed which you requested in your letter of Oct.7.
n. afeeling of respect and admiration for someone.
We have an high esteem for the lod gentleman.
v.
to respect and admire someone
We esteem him for his leadership qualities in the organization.
I esteem it an honor to address here.
to happen or exst before something or someone ::or to come before something else in a series
Lightning precedes thunder.
Safety precedes ecerything.
to go somewhere before someone else
John preceded his guests in to the lounge.
ced:to go to yield
cede v.放弃，让步，割让，转让
precedent a. 先前的，上述的
precedent n.在先，领先，优先权
accede v,应允，同意，就职，加入
antecede v,先行，陷于
antecedent a,n,先前的，前事，先行词
recede v,撤退，交还
secede v,脱离或退出（机构，组织）
The list is lengthy,There is your manner of dress,your professional appearance, the color of your dress or tie ,your body language,handshake,posture,amount of eye contact on intoduction,where you put your hands ,how you accept a business card and how you present yours as well as actual actual content of the card---and you haven't even sat down to begin talks.
A card that shows the business person's name,position,company,and address.
n. the things that are inside a box,bag,room,etc,,or that are written in a letter,book ,etc. The customs official searched the contents of the bag.
I wondered about the contents of his telegtam.
the amout of a substance that is contained in sth.
the fat content of cheese
the sugar of the fruit
a feeling of quiet happiness or satisfaction.
We swam in the river to our heart's content
a.happy or satisfied
The cat lay drowsy and content in the sun.
The salesgirl was content with her job at the time.
v.
to do or have sth. that is satisfactory.
This is all we have,so we can content ourselves with it for the moment.
I no longer content with the life that once had made me happy
be contended with
be happy and satisfied because your life is good.
Many experienced international business travelers will advise you that"when inRome do as the Romans do"While this may work if you are trying to figure out which fork to use or whether to bow or shake hands,it is,in most cases,far easier said than done.And besides,except in superficial areas,doing what the Romans do may be against your ethics,morals ,company policy or home government laws.
to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happened
Can you figure out how to do the job?
It took me hours to figure the altebra problems out.
v.to bend the top part of the body
The speaker bowed to his audience after the speech.
John sat at the table,bowed over a book.
n.
the act of bending the body
He moved aside for her with polite bows.
a wapon used fot shooting arrows
蝴蝶结
She had a bow of punk ribbon in her hair.
seeming to have a particular appearance at first,although this is not true or real
Despite their superficial similarities,the two projects are in fact very different.
The city autorities only made superficial changes on environment policies.
not studying or looking at someting carefully and only noticing the most obvious things.
The theory is based on a superficial knowledge of business methods.
superior a.卓越的，优势的
n,长者，长官，上司，优越者
supreme a.志高的，终极的
superconducticity n.超导（性）
superfluous a.过多的，多余的
superman n.超人
supermarket n.超级市场
supernatural a.超自然的
superpower n,超级大国
superstar n.超级明星
supersonic超音速的
Regardless of the culture,proper etiquette means maintaining your own values while respecting those of others.It does not mean slavishly following the rituals and practices of others to please your host.If you make an effort at the language,at understanding the basics of common courtesy,and avoid any flagrantly offensive or obnoxious acts,don't be overly concerned about the subtleties----at east the first time around.
without being affected by different situations,problems,etc,
All our proposals were rejected regardless of thieir merits.
All men are created equal,regardless of race,religion,or sex.
a ceremony that is always performed in the same way,in order to mark an important religious or social occasion.
Five Classics: The Book of Songs 诗
The BOok of History 书
THe Book of Rituals 礼
The Books of Changes 易
The Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋
sth that you do regularly and in the same way each time
The children performed the bedtime ritual of washing and brushing their teeth.
make an effort
to try hard to do something ,especially something you do not want to do
Although you do not like the politicion,you could make an effort to be polite.
An effort is being made to deal with the issues I raised at the last meeting.
not easy to notice or understand unless you pay careful attention
There is a subtle flavor of oranges in the room.
The pictures are similar,but there are subtle differences between them.
very clever in noticing and understanding things
subtle insight mind.
To be honest,not that much is really expected of the first time visitor to another culrure,though a deeper understanding will be expected each time you visit.The value in understanding etiquette and protocol is in the confidence it gives you and the impression it makes on colleagues.
the opinion or feeling you have about sb or sth because of the way they seem
Now I have different impression of England,
fist impression
create a good bad impression
make an impression on
have get the impression that
be under the impression that
a mark left by pressing sth into a soft surface.
An impression of a heel was left in the mud.
press n,v,压，坚持，印刷，急迫
pressure n,压力，压迫，繁忙
compress v,压缩，压榨，缩短
depress v,压低，沮丧，萧条
express v,表达 a.明确的，快的
n.快件，快车
oppress v,压迫，虐待
repress v,镇压，抑制，忍住
supress v.镇压，忍住，不发表意见