NEW WORDS
declaration v. declare
n. document containing an open public announcement 宣言
independence
n. freedom from the control of others 独立
depend on依赖于 be independent of不依赖于
obtain =achieve=gain
vt. get through effort 获得
source resource资源
n. place from which sth. comes; place where a river starts （来）源；源头
personal
a. done in person; belonging to a person 亲自的；个人的
investigation make investigation into
n. detailed or careful examination 调查
investigate
vt.
appoint
vt. put (sb.) in a position 任命
appointment
n. 任命 指定（时间或地点）
committee
n. a group of people chosen for special duties 委员会
capitol capital首都
n. （美国）州议会大厦
canoe
n. light boat moved by a paddle 独木舟
on-the-spot
a. at the place of the action 现场的
humble
a. low in position 地位低下的 谦卑的
origin v. originate引起
n. parentage; birth; beginning 血统；出身；起源
gardener
n. person who works in a garden either for pay or as a hobby 园丁
waiter
n. person who serves food to the tables in a restaurant （男）侍者
nobleman
n. 贵族
dissatisfy
vt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 使不满
threaten
vt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 威胁
threat
n.
reject
vt. refuse to take, believe, use of consider 拒绝
rejection
n.
nephew
n. the son of one's brother or sister
error
n. mistake; sth. done wrongly
false
a. not true or correct
judgment
n. opinion 判断， 看法
hesitate adj. hesitant迟疑的
vi. feel doubtful; be undecided 犹豫，迟疑不决
hesitation
n.
prefer
vt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜欢；宁愿
preference
n.
latter the former … the later …
a. nearer to the end 后面的；后半的
n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者
conflict
n. be opposed; clash 冲突
n. disagreement; clash; fight
unquestioning
a. given or done without question or doubt
agreement
n. having the same opinion(s); thinking in the same way 同意；一致的
criticism v. criticize
n. unfavourable remarks of judgments 批评
critic
n. person who makes judgments about the good and bad qualities of sth.; person who points out mistakes 评论家；批评者
criticize
vt.
philosophy philosopher哲学家
n. 哲学
resent
vt. feel angry or bitter at 对...忿恨;对...不满
action
n. the process of doing things; sth. done 行动过程；行动
custom
n. 习惯,风俗
perpetual
a. never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping 永恒的;连续不断的
constitution
n. 宪法;章程
living
a. alive now 活(着)的
remark
vt. say; comment 说;评论说
n. 话语;评论
evil
n. sth. bad; sin 邪恶,罪恶
a. very bad 邪恶的,坏的
idealism
n. 理想主义;唯心主义
arch(a)eology
n. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehistoric times 考古学
rotation
n. 轮作;旋转
rotate
v.
conservation
n. protecting from loss of from being used up 保护;保存
conserve
vt.
superior 没有比较级和最高级 be superior to sb.
a. good or better in quality or value 较好的;优的
superiority
n.
existence
n. the state of existing 存在
influence
vt. have an effect on 影响
architecture
n. art and science of building 建筑术;建筑学
constantly
ad. continuously; frequently 不断地;经常地
constant
a.
perform
vt. do, carry out 做,履行
talent talent for
n. special natural ability 才能,天资
central
a. chief; main; most important 主要的
tireless
a. never or rarely getting tired
writer
n. a person who writes esp. as a way of earning money 作家
publish
vt. have (a book, etc.) printed and put on sale 出版
volume
n. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;册
thrill
vi. have a very exciting feeling 非常激动
self-evident
a. clear without proof 不言而喻的
create
vt. make (sth. that has not been made before) 创造
creation
n.
anniversary
n. the yearly return of a special date 周年纪念日
countryman
n. a person from one's own country 周胞
legacy
n. sth. that one person leaves to another when he dies 遗产
owe owe sth. to sb.
vt. 欠(债等);应把...归功于
debt
n. something owed to someone else 债(务)
educate educator教育者
vt. train; teach how to read, write, think, etc.
PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS
go out of one's way (to do sth.)
take particular trouble; make a special effort 特地 尽力的
leave...to
leave sb. in charge of 交托,委托
act on
act according to 按照...行事
leave behind
abandon; fall to take or bring 丢弃;留下,忘带
in existence
existing 存在
above all
most important of all 首先,尤其是