Semantics

The definiton of meaning :哲学家，心理学家，社会学家等 focus varys.

Naming Theory, by Plato:Words are symbols for things.对物资名词最实用

The conceptual view:Semantic triangle,symbol（form）,concept(the meaning of the word),object in the world of experience.signifier(referent) and signifiered

The Contextualism:meaning connected with context

时空语境（it's raining陈述或抱怨）；语言语境

Behavorism（心理学角度）:meaning exists in the situation the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the learner.S-R

词汇意义：意义(decontextualized)eg I like the dog.和指称(relationship between linguistic elements and the non-linguistic world of experience).两者不对称关系。the same sense with different references.the same reference has 不同意义。

Sense relations of words:上下义(hyponym,superordinate,co-hyponyms),，同义关系（地域性同义Amr n BRi，文体同义一词多义，情感和评价意义不同eg publicity and propagata;搭配意义eg charge,accuse;语义差异同义词)，一词多义，同音不同义词（homonyms），根据词源来判断两者区别。反义词（等级，互补，关系）