一、sense relations between sentences

(1)x is synonymous with y (同义句关系)

x: he was a bachelor all his life.

y: he never got married all his life.

x: the boy killed the cat.

y: the cat was killed by the boy.

If x is true, y is true; if x is false, y is false.

(2)x is inconsistent with y

x: he is single.

y: he has a wife.

x: this is my first time to beijing.

y: I have been to beijing twice.

if x is true, y is false; if x is false, y is true.

(3)x entails y(蕴含关系)

x: John married a blond heiress.

y: John married a blond.

x: Marry has been to beijing.

y: Marry has been to China.

entailment is a relation of inclusion.if x entails y, then the meaning of x is included

in y.

if x is true, y is necessarily true; if x is false, y may be true or false.

(4)x presupposes y(预设关系)

x: his bike needs repairing.

y: he has a bike.

x: Paul has given up smoking.

y: Paul once smoked.

 if x is true, y must be true; if x is false, y is still true.

(5)x is a contradiction(矛盾关系)

my unmarried sister is married to a bachelor.

the orphant's parents are pretty well-off.

(6)x is senmantically anomalous(语义上的不规则关系)

the man is pregnant.

the table has bad intention.

二、analysis of meaning

componential analysis 成分分析 简称CA